What are waterstops designed to prevent in concrete joints?

Waterstops are specifically designed to prevent water infiltration through concrete joints. They are materials inserted into the joints of concrete structures, such as walls and slabs, to create a barrier that blocks the passage of water. This is particularly critical in structures that are exposed to moisture or are in contact with water, such as basements, reservoirs, and swimming pools.

The effectiveness of waterstops lies in their ability to withstand hydrostatic pressure and prevent the seepage of water at the joints, thereby maintaining the integrity of the structure and protecting it from potential water damage, erosion, and deterioration. Ensuring that joints are watertight is a fundamental aspect of structural design in civil and sanitary engineering.

The other options may be aspects of concrete performance or structural considerations, but they do not accurately describe the primary purpose of waterstops in relation to joints.