What is a caisson?

A caisson is a structure that provides lateral support to an excavation, often utilized in construction projects where deep foundations are required. This structure is typically made of reinforced concrete and can be used to create a sturdy barrier against soil and water pressure, making it essential in areas with high water tables or loose soil conditions.

The functionality of a caisson allows it to effectively support the weight of the building or structure above while preventing soil collapse around the excavation site. By doing so, it ensures the stability of the foundation and surrounding areas during construction.

In contrast, a type of concrete pile refers to driven elements that transfer load through the piles into deeper, more stable soil layers, a mechanism for pile driving involves tools and methods used to install these piles, and a method used for soil liquefaction pertains to a process where saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness due to applied stress, such as during an earthquake. These definitions highlight the distinct purpose and use of a caisson in the context of excavation support.