What is used in concrete to reduce the cost of the mix and to minimize shrinkage?

The use of aggregate in concrete serves multiple purposes, including cost reduction and minimizing shrinkage. Aggregates, which include sand, gravel, or crushed stone, occupy a significant portion of the concrete mix. By substituting some of the cement content with aggregates, the overall quantity of the more expensive cement can be decreased, resulting in a more cost-effective mix. Additionally, well-graded aggregates can help optimize the concrete's structural integrity, allowing for a denser mix that can lead to reduced shrinkage during the curing process.

Utilizing the right types and proportions of aggregates can significantly enhance the performance of concrete, making it more durable while controlling dimensional changes as it dries. This is particularly important in applications where the integrity of the structure is critical, as excessive shrinkage can lead to cracking and compromised longevity.