What process accelerates the flow of water through soil using direct current?

Electroosmosis is the process that involves the movement of water through soil when a direct current is applied. This phenomenon occurs due to the electric field that influences the charged particles (ions) in the water, which, in turn, pulls the water molecules through the soil pores. The application of direct current generates an electrochemical reaction at the electrodes that creates an electric field, causing the water to move more rapidly compared to natural drainage or gravitational flow.

This process is particularly effective in fine-grained soils, where pore spaces are small and water movement can be significantly limited by conventional methods. By applying electroosmosis, engineers can enhance the efficiency of dewatering processes, soil stabilization, and pollution remediation, allowing for quicker movement of water and contaminants through the soil matrix. It offers a valuable technique in civil and environmental engineering, making it the correct choice for the question regarding acceleration of water flow through soil.