What process involves mechanically forcing soil particles closer together?

Compaction is the process that involves mechanically forcing soil particles closer together. This is achieved through various methods such as rolling, impact, or vibrating, which diminish the air voids between soil particles and increase the density of the soil. Enhanced compaction leads to improved strength and stability of the ground, making it essential in construction and civil engineering projects. Properly compacted soil can significantly reduce settlement and increase bearing capacity, which is critical for the structural integrity of buildings and roadways.

Ground stabilization refers to various techniques to improve the physical properties of soil, but it does not specifically focus on the mechanical aspect of bringing soil particles closer together. Excavation involves the removal of soil, which does not contribute to particle compaction, while trenching is a specific type of excavation used to create narrow openings in the ground. Neither of these last two options addresses the process of increasing soil density.