What provides lateral support for excavation sides?

Lateral support for excavation sides is crucial in preventing collapses and ensuring the safety of construction workers and the integrity of nearby structures. Shoring refers to the process of providing temporary support to prevent ground from collapsing during excavation. This can involve various systems such as braces, struts, or horizontal supports that counteract the forces acting on the excavation walls.

Shoring is designed specifically for this purpose, making it an essential technique in construction projects that involve digging or excavations. Its ability to maintain stability and safety around excavated areas is what makes it the correct answer.

In comparison, other options such as caissons, sheeting, and piers have different functions. Caissons are large, watertight structures that are used to hold foundations, while sheeting refers to materials that can be driven into the ground to create a barrier or wall, but do not primarily function as lateral support. Piers are typically structural elements that support loads above ground rather than providing support for excavation sides.