Which of the following costs are typically classified as fixed costs?

Owning costs are classified as fixed costs because they generally remain constant regardless of the level of production or business activity. These costs typically relate to the ownership of assets, such as depreciation, insurance, and property taxes, and do not fluctuate with changes in output.

In contrast, variable labor costs change with the level of production. Maintenance costs can be variable or fixed depending on the context; for example, scheduled routine maintenance is often fixed, while unscheduled repairs may vary. Rent and lease expenses are also considered fixed costs because they remain the same throughout the lease term, regardless of how much the property is used. The nature of owning costs underscores their stable nature, distinguishing them as fixed costs within a broader financial context.